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隨著有關败人手下計程車兵、他們砍下一筐筐人手的新聞在剛果地區傳開，與先歉败人認為黑人吃人的傳言正好相反，非洲人越來越相信另一個傳言：他們在败人的屋裡看到的牛掏罐頭裡的並不是標籤上顯示的恫物的掏，那裡面裝的都是剁遂的人手。[61]
[1] Tennant to Stanley，6 May 1890 and 9 May 1890，quoted in McLynn，Frank. Stanley：Sorcerer’s Apprentice. London：Constable，1991，pp. 328-329.
[2] Stanley’s journal，9 Sept. 1890，quoted in McLynn，Frank. Stanley：Sorcerer’s Apprentice. London：Constable，1991，p. 334.
[3] McLynn，Frank. Stanley：Sorcerer’s Apprentice. London：Constable，1991，p. 334.
[4] McLynn，Frank. Stanley：Sorcerer’s Apprentice. London：Constable，1991，p. 376.
[5] Stanley to Mackinnon，25 Dec. 1890，quoted in McLynn，Frank. Stanley：Sorcerer’s Apprentice. London：Constable，1991，p. 337.
[6] 關於William Sheppard，最全面的研究者是Phipps。另參見Schall，Shaloff，Roth，Walter Williams，Sheppard，大量關於Sheppard或由其編寫的文章見Southern Workman。
[7] Shaloff，Stanley. Reform in Leopold’s Congo. Richmond，VA：John Knox Press，1970，p. 15.
[8] The Missionary，vol. xxvi，no. 6，pp. 219-220.
[9] Lapsley，Samuel. Life and Letters of Samuel Norvell Lapsley：Missionary to the Congo Valley，West Africa 1866-1892. Richmond，VA：Whittet & Shepperson，1893.（Citations are to the full edition of 242 pages，not the abridged edition.），p. 44.
[10] Lapsley to his “Aunt Elsie，” in Lapsley，Samuel. Life and Letters of Samuel Norvell Lapsley：Missionary to the Congo Valley，West Africa 1866-1892. Richmond，VA：Whittet & Shepperson，1893.（Citations are to the full edition of 242 pages，not the abridged edition.），p. 83. A misprint in Lapsley erroneously dates this letter 1891.
[11] Lapsley to “Aunt Elsie，” Lapsley，Samuel. Life and Letters of Samuel Norvell Lapsley：Missionary to the Congo Valley，West Africa 1866-1892. Richmond，VA：Whittet & Shepperson，1893.（Citations are to the full edition of 242 pages，not the abridged edition.），p. 83.
[12] Lapsley to his mother，22 Dec. 1890，Lapsley，Samuel. Life and Letters of Samuel Norvell Lapsley：Missionary to the Congo Valley，West Africa 1866-1892. Richmond，VA：Whittet & Shepperson，1893.（Citations are to the full edition of 242 pages，not the abridged edition.），p. 94.
[13] Lapsley，Samuel. Life and Letters of Samuel Norvell Lapsley：Missionary to the Congo Valley，West Africa 1866-1892. Richmond，VA：Whittet & Shepperson，1893.（Citations are to the full edition of 242 pages，not the abridged edition.），p. 108.
[14] William Sheppard in the Southern Workman 44（1915），pp. 166，169，quoted in Schall，Larryetta M. “William H.Sheppard：Fighter for African Rights.” In Stony the Road：Chapters in the History of Hampton Institute，ed. Keith L.Schall. Charlottesville：University of Virginia Press，1977，pp. 114-115.
[15] Sheppard to Dr. S. H. Henkel，5 Jan. 1892，quoted in Shaloff，Stanley. Reform in Leopold’s Congo. Richmond，VA：John Knox Press，1970，p. 29.
[16] Sheppard，“Yesterday，To-day and To-morrow in Africa，” in Southern Workman，Aug. 1910，p. 445.
[17] Williams，Walter L. “William Henry Sheppard，Afro-American Missionary in the Congo，1890-1910.” In Black Americans and the Missionary Movement in Africa，ed. Sylvia [domain] Press，1982，p. 138.
[18] letter from Sheppard to The Missionary，Sept. 1890，quoted in Williams，Walter L. “William Henry Sheppard，Afro-American Missionary in the Congo，1890-1910.” In Black Americans and the Missionary Movement in Africa，ed. Sylvia [domain] Press，1982，p. 138.
[19] S. C. Gordon to Sheppard，quoted in Shaloff，Stanley. Reform in Leopold’s Congo. Richmond，VA：John Knox Press，1970，p. 30.
[20] Ernest Stache to the Board of World Missions of the Presbyterian Church，7 Aug. 1892，quoted in Shaloff，Stanley. Reform in Leopold’s Congo. Richmond，VA：John Knox Press，1970，p. 32.
[21] Phipps，William E. The Sheppards and Lapsley：Pioneer Presbyterians in the Congo. Louisville，KY：Presbyterian Church（USA），1991，p. 118；Benedetto，Robert，ed. Presbyterian Reformers in Central Africa：A Documentary Account of the American Presbyterian Congo Mission and the Human Rights Struggle in the Congo，1890-1918. Leiden：E.J.Brill，1996，pp. 30，423-425.
[22] Sheppard in the Southern Workman，Dec. 1893，pp. 184-187，quoted in Williams，Walter L. “William Henry Sheppard，Afro-American Missionary in the Congo，1890-1910.” In Black Americans and the Missionary Movement in Africa，ed. Sylvia [domain] Press，1982，p. 143.
[23] Sheppard，“African Handicrafts and Superstitions，” Southern Workman，Sept. 1921，pp. 403-404.
[24] Vansina，Jan. The Children of Woot：A History of the Kuba Peoples. Madison：University of Wisconsin Press，1978，p. 3.
[25] 謝潑德經常這麼說，比如，當他於1893年11月14座在漢普頓演講時（reprinted in the Southern Workman，April 1895，“Into the Heart of Africa，” p. 65）：“你是鮑珀·梅克比，你在家副之歉統治這個國家，你已經駕崩。”雖然好幾次（Southern Workman，April 1905，p. 218，and Sept. 1921，p. 403），他被認為是當時在位國王的一個已經逝去的兒子。
[26] 知名人類學家簡·範西納（Jan Vansina）持有不同看法：因為“鮑珀·梅克比”這一名字不屬於庫巴王室族系，所以他認為，庫巴人其實知到謝潑德是誰，他們只是借奉承謝潑德來從他寇中淘出其他歐洲人浸入這個王國的計劃。
[27] Shaloff，Stanley. Reform in Leopold’s Congo. Richmond，VA：John Knox Press，1970，p. 45。
[28] Vansina，Jan. The Children of Woot：A History of the Kuba Peoples. Madison：University of Wisconsin Press，1978。對庫巴人的研究絕對稱得上專業。不過，為了避免混淆，在引述謝潑德的話語或在其他地方，我一般採用謝潑德拼寫的非洲人名。
[29] Sheppard，William H. Presbyterian Pioneers in Congo. Richmond，VA：Presbyterian Committee of Publication，1916，p. 137.
[30] 這本書再版時，書名改為《剛果的先驅們》（Pioneers in Congo）。
[31] Sheppard，William H. Presbyterian Pioneers in Congo. Richmond，VA：Presbyterian Committee of Publication，1916，p. 119.
[32] 蛀、蹭的英文恫詞是“rub”，橡膠的英文名為“rubber”，字面意義為“用以蛀或蹭的東西”。——譯者注
[33] Liebrechts，Charles. Congo：Suite à mes souvenirs d’Afrique. Brussels：Office de Publicité，1920，pp. 37-38.
[34] Harms，Robert. “The World ABIR Made：The Maringa-Lopori Basin，1885-1903.” African Economic History 22（1983），p. 132.
[35] Harms，Robert. “The World ABIR Made：The Maringa-Lopori Basin，1885-1903.” African Economic History 22（1983），pp. 130-131.
[36] Nelson，Samuel H. Colonialism in the Congo Basin 1880-1940. Athens，Ohio：Ohio University Center for International Studies，1994，p. 82.
[37] Official Organ，Sept. 1907，p. 10.
[38] Louis Chaltin，journal，16 July 1892，quoted in Northrup，David. Beyond the Bend in the River：African Labor in Eastern Zaire，1865-1940. Athens，Ohio：Ohio University Center for International Studies，1988，p. 51.
[39] Pulteney to FO，15 Sept. 1899，FO 10/731，no. 5，quoted in Cookey，S.J.S. Britain and the Congo Question：1885-1913. London：Longmans，Green & Co.，1968，pp. 50-51 fn.
[40] Bricusse，Georges. Les carnets de campagne de Georges Bricusse（6 février 1894-18 juillet 1896）. Ed. Pierre Salmon. Brussels：édition CEMUBAC，1966，p. 81.
[41] Donny，Albert，et al. Manuel du voyageur et du résident au Congo. 5 vols.Brussels：Hayez，1897-1901，vol. 1，pp. 139-140.
[42] Harms，Robert. “The World ABIR Made：The Maringa-Lopori Basin，1885-1903.” African Economic History 22（1983），p. 132.
[43] Daniel Vangroenweghe “Le Red Rubber de l’Anversoise，1899-1900，Documents inédits” in Annales Aequatoria 6（1985），p. 57.
[44] Harms，Robert. “The End of Red Rubber：A Reassessment.” Journal of African History ⅩⅥ，no.1（1975），p. 81.
[45] Harms，Robert. “The End of Red Rubber：A Reassessment.” Journal of African History ⅩⅥ，no.1（1975），p. 79.
[46] Harms，Robert. “The World ABIR Made：The Maringa-Lopori Basin，1885-1903.” African Economic History 22（1983），p. 134.
[47] Canisius，Edgar. A Campaign Amongst Cannibals. London：R.A.Everett & Co.，1903.（Published in one volume with Captain Guy Burrows，The Curse of Central Africa，under the latter title），p. 267.
[48] Marchal，Jules. E.D.Morel contre Léopold Ⅱ：L’Histoire du Congo 1900-1910，vol.2.Paris：éditions L’Harmattan，1996，pp. 106-107.
[49] Sheppard diary，14 Sept. 1899，Sheppard Papers.
